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Bible Society created by the Czar. They won several successes and
converted prince Galitzine, nephew of the Minister for Worship. So the
Czar intervened and we have the Ukase of the 20th of December 1815".(29)
No need to say that the grounds for this Ukase, which banished the
Jesuits from Saint-Petersburg and Moscow, were the same as in all the
other countries. "We came to realise that they did not fulfill the duties
expected of them... Instead of living as peaceful inhabitants in a foreign
country, they disturbed the Greek religion which has been since ancient
times, the predominant religion in our empire and on which rests the peace
and happiness of the nations under our sceptre. They abused the
confidence they obtained and turned the youth entrusted to them and
inconsistent women away from our worship... We are not surprised that
this religious Order was expelled from every country and that their actions
were not tolerated anywhere".(29)
In 1820 at last, general measures were taken to drive them out of the whole
of Russia.
But, because of political events favouring it, they had set foot again in
western Europe when their Order was solemnly reestablished by Pope Pius VII
in 1814.
(26) Baron de Ponnat, op.cit., p.223.
(27) Potter: "Vie de Scipion de Ricci", (Brussels 1825), I, p. 18).
(28) Baron de Ponnat: "Histoire des variations et contradictions de l'Eglise romaine"
(Charpentier, Paris 1882, II, p.224). (29) Pierre Dominique, op.cit., p.220.
72 THE SECRET HISTORY OF THE JESUITS
The political significance of this decision is clearly expressed by M. Daniel-
Rops, a great friend of the Jesuits. He wrote, concerning the "reappearance of
the sons of Loyola": "It was impossible not to see in it an obvious act of
counter-revolution".(30)
(30) Daniel-Rops, of the French Academy: "Le retablissement de la Compagnie de Jesus"
(Etudes, September 1959).
73
Section IV
Chapter 4
Rebirth of the Society of Jesus during the
19th century
We mentioned that, when Clement XIV was constrained to suppress the
Jesuit Order, he apparently said: "I have cut off my right hand".
The phrase seems plausible enough. The Holy See must certainly have
found it hard to part with its most important instrument in the domination
of the world. The Order's disgrace, a political measure imposed by
circumstances, was gradually attenuated by the successors of Clement
XIV: Pius VI and Pius VII; and if the official eclipse of the Jesuits lasted
forty years, it was because of the upheavals in Europe resulting from the
French Revolution. In any case, that eclipse was never total.
"Most of the Jesuits had stayed in Austria, France, Spain, Italy,
mingling with the clergy. They met with each other or gathered in large
numbers as much as possible. In 1794, Jean de Tournely founded the
Society of the Sacred Heart in Belgium as a teaching body. Many Jesuits
joined it. Three years later, the Tyrolean Paccanari, who thought he was
another Ignatius, founded the Society of the Brothers of Faith. In 1799, the
two Societies merged with Father Clariviere as the head; he was the only
surviving French Jesuit. In 1803, they joined the Russian Jesuits.
Something coherent was coming back to life again, but the masses, and even
most of the politicians, did not recognise it at first".(31)
The French Revolution, and then the Empire, gave the Company of Jesus
an unexpected credibility again; it was a defensive reaction against new ideas
springing up in the ancient monarchies.
Napoleon the First described the Society as "very dangerous; she will
never be allowed in the Empire". But, when the Holy-Alliance triumphed, the
new "monarchs" did not disdain the help of these absolutists in bringing
( 3 1 ) Pierre Dominique, op.cit., p.219 Here is, according to M. Daniel-Rops, the strange
death of Paccacaci, founder of the Brothers of Faith: "He was brought before the Holy See,
imprisoned at the castle of Saint-Ange and finally was "assassinated". (Etudes, September
1959).
THE SECRET HISTORY OF THE JESUITS
74
back the people to a strict obedience.
But times had changed. All the skill of the good Fathers could only delay and
not stop the propagation of liberal ideas and their efforts were more harmful
than useful. In France, the Restoration experienced it in a bitter way. Louis
XVIII, an unbeliever and clever politician, tried to contain the rise of "ultras"
as much as he could. But under Charles X, narrow-minded and very devout, [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]